Reformers in the Republican Party, which dominated national politics in the 1860s and 1870s, had been calling for a ...

The Civil War brought tensions over slavery to ... Amidst all of this, James Garfield was elected president, bringing hope to Americans of all backgrounds across the nation.

The brief experiment with a department of education was born in 1867 and enacted by Southern Democrat President Andrew ...

In 1880, James Garfield traveled to Republican party headquarters ... soldiers of the new war, representing the same ideas of union, having added strength and glory to the monument reared by ...

The act of violence almost 150 years ago effectively gave birth to the civil service, that class of nonpartisan experts who ...

Hayes declined to run again, so the Republicans turned to James Garfield, who was attractive ... which put him in direct opposition to civil service reform, one of Garfield’s major goals. Shortly ...

On the morning of July 2, 1881, a man wearing a black slouch hat and a tattered dark suit crept up behind President James ... When Garfield was shot, there were no meaningful civil service rules ...